民族医药在肝癌防治中的应用

通过概述土家医、壮医、苗医、蒙医、藏医、侗医、畲医、维吾尔医、傣医等民族医的特色理论和诊疗技法,阐释民族医药在防治肝癌中的应用情况。我国部分少数民族在防治肝癌方面有丰富的用药经验和外治方法,主要通过驱毒、扶正等方法指导肝癌防治,在未病先防、既病防变、改善相关症状等方面发挥着一定的优势。     

Adapting Sexual Configurations Theory to Nursing

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning people in the United States experience multiple health disparities related to sexual and reproductive health. Attempts to address these disparities have focused on sexual orientation and gender identity rather than on the specific aspects of sexuality that may be more relevant to an individual’s health outcomes. This focus is also incongruent with a holistic approach to health and wellness interventions. We propose an adaptation of sexual configurations theory, a psychological theory with which to accurately describe different aspects of sexuality, to better position nurses to address these important disparity issues. We position sexual configurations theory within a contextual framework that incorporates aspects of trauma theory as a new way to evaluate individual sexuality in a holistic nursing context.     

民族医药对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认识及防治措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在武汉自2019年12月爆发以来,发展迅速,短期内蔓延至全球多个地区,引起国内外的广泛关注。目前疫情得到有效控制,与传统医学的积极介入相关,特别是对重症及危重症患者救治方面体现出其独特优势。疫情发生以来,各民族医基于本民族医药理论,对COVID-19的认识和防治措施建言献策;优选个体化传统医学处方"扶正"患者个体内环境,结合"消灭"疫病产生、传播的土壤、空间等环境因素,为尽快战胜疫情,保障一方人民的生命健康贡献各自力量;建议立项挖掘、整理、研究、开发民族医药预防和治疗"瘟疫"的医疗机构制剂,为预防和治疗今后可能会频繁发生的各种病毒导致的"瘟疫"做好充足准备,护佑人类健康。     

A qualitative systematic review of published work on disclosure and help-seeking for domestic violence and abuse among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Domestic violence and abuse has been recognised as an international public health problem. However, the pervasiveness of the problem is unknown due in part to underreporting, especially among women from ethnic minority populations. In relation to this group, this review seeks to explore: (1) the barriers to disclosure; (2) the facilitators of help-seeking; and (3) self-perceived impacts of domestic violence.

Design: We systematically identified published qualitative studies conducted among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK. Data analysis was completed using thematic analysis approach.

Result: 562 papers were identified and eight papers from four studies conducted among women from ethnic minority populations in the UK met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Barriers to disclosure include: Immigration status, community influences, problems with language and interpretation, and unsupportive attitudes of staff within mainstream services. Facilitators of help-seeking were: escalation of abuse and safety of children. Self-perceived impact of abuse includes: shame, denial, loss of identity and lack of choice.

Conclusion: There is an on-going need for staff from domestic violence services to be aware of the complexities within which women from ethnic minority populations experience domestic violence and abuse.     

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Does race/ethnicity matter? Findings from the MESA cohort

Background and aimsLow serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in studies of mainly white participants. Significant racial/ethnic differences exist in serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD prevalence questioning extending this association to other racial/ethnic groups. We tested whether the association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD vary by race/ethnicity.Methods and resultsThis was a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) that included 3484 participants (44% male; 38.4% Whites, 27.8% African-Americans, 23.5% Hispanics, and 10.3% Chinese-Americans) who had serum 25(OH)D and upper abdominal CT images available at baseline. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. NAFLD was identified if liver-to-spleen Hounsfield-Unit ratio was <1. Whites had the highest 25(OH)D level and African-Americans had the lowest level (mean ± SD: 29.5 ± 10.4 vs.19.9 ± 9.1, respectively). Six hundred and eleven (17.5%) participants had NAFLD; Hispanics had the highest prevalence (26.2%) followed by Chinese-Americans (19.8%), Whites (15.8%) and African-Americans (11.7%), P < 0.0001. In adjusted model, the association of 25(OH)D with NAFLD differed by race/ethnicity (P < 0.0001). Negative association was only evident in Causations (OR (95% CI):1.23 (1.03, 1.47) per 1 SD lower serum 25(OH)D). For other racial/ethnic groups, BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking, but not serum 25(OH)D, were common independent risk factors for NAFLD.ConclusionsThe negative association between serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD in Whites may not be broadly generalizable to other racial/ethnic groups. Modifiable risk factors including BMI, triglycerides, diabetic status and/or smoking associate with NAFLD risk in non-white racial/ethnic groups beyond 25(OH)D.